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How to reduce hydraulic pressure?
Release Time :
2025-02-12
Hydraulic shock occurs when the oil in a hydraulic system starts or stops flowing quickly. In systems with pressures below 3,000 psi, the oil in the pressure line typically flows at 15-20 feet per second. In systems with pressures above 3,000 psi, the flow rate can be as high as 30 feet per second. Shock can also occur when an external force acts on a hydraulic cylinder or motor.
Unlike air, hydraulic oil is generally considered incompressible. Oil compresses only 0.5 percent at 1,000 psi. When a pressure spike occurs in the system, the pressure can be four to five times higher than the normal operating pressure. Since the average duration of a shock spike is 25 milliseconds, a pressure gauge cannot respond quickly enough to provide an accurate indication. Pressure sensors are often used to record pressure spikes. Here's how to reduce hydraulic shock
Hydraulic accumulators are pre-charged with dry nitrogen. Some type of separation device, such as a piston, bladder, or diaphragm, is used to separate the nitrogen from the hydraulic oil in the accumulator. Bladders (Figure 1) or diaphragm types are recommended to absorb shocks. Both types of accumulators contain a rubber element that will compress when the hydraulic pressure exceeds the dry nitrogen precharge. Depending on the system, the accumulator should be precharged to 100 psi below the system maximum working pressure to 200 psi above the system maximum working pressure. Accumulators used for shock absorption can be small in size, typically one quart to one gallon.
The accumulator should be mounted as close as possible to where the shock peak occurs. For example, if the pressure peak occurs when the cylinder is fully extended, the accumulator should be mounted near the port connected to the full piston side of the cylinder.
Accumulators are often used to absorb high flow shocks in return lines. In this case, the precharge pressure should be less than the maximum pressure rating of any return filter or heat exchanger downstream. Whenever an accumulator is used in a pressure line, an automatic and/or manual pressure relief valve should be installed to reduce the hydraulic pressure to zero after the system is shut down.
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